The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) phase 2(c) Red–Arkansas River basin experiment:
Identifieur interne : 00C869 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00C868; suivant : 00C870The Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) phase 2(c) Red–Arkansas River basin experiment:
Auteurs : Dag Lohmann [États-Unis] ; Dennis P. Lettenmaier [États-Unis] ; Xu Liang [États-Unis] ; Eric F. Wood [États-Unis] ; Aaron Boone [États-Unis] ; Sam Chang [États-Unis] ; Fei Chen [États-Unis] ; Yongjiu Dai [République populaire de Chine] ; Carl Desborough [Australie] ; Robert E. Dickinson [États-Unis] ; Qingyun Duan [États-Unis] ; Michael Ek [États-Unis] ; Yeugeniy M. Gusev [Russie] ; Florence Habets [France] ; Parviz Irannejad [Australie] ; Randy Koster [États-Unis] ; Kenneth E. Mitchell [États-Unis] ; Olga N. Nasonova [Russie] ; Joel Noilhan [France] ; John Schaake [États-Unis] ; Adam Schlosser [États-Unis] ; Yaping Shao [Australie] ; Andrey B. Shmakin [Russie] ; Diana Verseghy [Canada] ; Kirsten Warrach [Allemagne] ; Peter Wetzel [États-Unis] ; Yongkang Xue [États-Unis] ; Zong-Liang Yang [États-Unis] ; Qing-Cun Zeng [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Global and Planetary Change [ 0921-8181 ] ; 1998.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Génie civil, Climatologie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Academic press, Alsis, Annual precipitation, Annual runoff, Annual runoff ratio, Arkansas river, Arkansas river basin, Atmospheric budget, Atmospheric budget calculation, Atmospheric moisture budget analysis, Atmospheric physics, Atmospheric water balance, Baseflow, Basin, Basin area, Basin boundary, Basin outlet, Buck model, Budget analysis, Canopy storage, Catchment, Civil engineering, Climatology, Different models, Different sets, Drainage areas, Eastern part, Effective precipitation, Elsevier science, Evapotranspiration, Excess water, Free drainage, Global, Grid, Grid cell, Grid cells, Higher fractions, Hydrologic literature, Infiltration capacity, Intercomparison, Isba, Isba mosaic ncep place sewab sponsor ssib swap, July, Land surface, Land surface schemes, Latent heat, Less runoff, Liang, Little rock, Lohmann, Mmryr, Model output, Model results, Model simulations, Moisture fluxes, Monthly basin evapotranspiration, Monthly evapotranspiration, Much runoff, Nasar gsfc, Ncep, Negative storage change, October, Operations research, Other schemes, Overpredict runoff, Parameterization, Parameterization schemes, Phase river basin experiment, Pilps, Pilps phase, Pilps phase activities, Pilps phase schemes, Planetary change, Precipitation, Princeton university, Reasonable results, River basin, Runoff, Runoff climatology, Runoff production, Runoff ratio, Runoff ratios, Runoff timing, Russian federation, Schemes underpredicted, Seasonal cycle, Seasonal cycles, Sewab, Slow components, Small storage changes, Soil column, Soil moisture, Soil moisture storage changes, Soil water, Spatial pattern, Spatial patterns, Spatial runoff distribution, Spatial variability, Ssib, Storage change, Streamflow, Streamflow data, Subsurface, Subsurface runoff, Summary intercomparisons, Summer period, Summer runoff, Surface runoff, Surface water balance, Swap, Technical report, Temporal analysis, Threshold behavior, Time invariance, Time scales, Total runoff, Unit hydrograph, Upper soil layer, Various terms, Water balance, Water balances, Water budget, Water vapor convergence, Wide range.
- Teeft :
- Academic press, Alsis, Annual precipitation, Annual runoff, Annual runoff ratio, Arkansas river, Arkansas river basin, Atmospheric budget, Atmospheric budget calculation, Atmospheric moisture budget analysis, Atmospheric physics, Atmospheric water balance, Baseflow, Basin, Basin area, Basin boundary, Basin outlet, Buck model, Budget analysis, Canopy storage, Catchment, Civil engineering, Climatology, Different models, Different sets, Drainage areas, Eastern part, Effective precipitation, Elsevier science, Evapotranspiration, Excess water, Free drainage, Global, Grid, Grid cell, Grid cells, Higher fractions, Hydrologic literature, Infiltration capacity, Intercomparison, Isba, Isba mosaic ncep place sewab sponsor ssib swap, July, Land surface, Land surface schemes, Latent heat, Less runoff, Liang, Little rock, Lohmann, Mmryr, Model output, Model results, Model simulations, Moisture fluxes, Monthly basin evapotranspiration, Monthly evapotranspiration, Much runoff, Nasar gsfc, Ncep, Negative storage change, October, Operations research, Other schemes, Overpredict runoff, Parameterization, Parameterization schemes, Phase river basin experiment, Pilps, Pilps phase, Pilps phase activities, Pilps phase schemes, Planetary change, Precipitation, Princeton university, Reasonable results, River basin, Runoff, Runoff climatology, Runoff production, Runoff ratio, Runoff ratios, Runoff timing, Russian federation, Schemes underpredicted, Seasonal cycle, Seasonal cycles, Sewab, Slow components, Small storage changes, Soil column, Soil moisture, Soil moisture storage changes, Soil water, Spatial pattern, Spatial patterns, Spatial runoff distribution, Spatial variability, Ssib, Storage change, Streamflow, Streamflow data, Subsurface, Subsurface runoff, Summary intercomparisons, Summer period, Summer runoff, Surface runoff, Surface water balance, Swap, Technical report, Temporal analysis, Threshold behavior, Time invariance, Time scales, Total runoff, Unit hydrograph, Upper soil layer, Various terms, Water balance, Water balances, Water budget, Water vapor convergence, Wide range.
Abstract
Abstract: The water-balance components of 16 Soil–Vegetation Atmospheric Transfer (SVAT) schemes were evaluated by comparing predicted and observed streamflow, predicted evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration inferred from an atmospheric moisture budget analysis, and soil moisture storage changes for a seven-year period (1980–1986) using data from the Red–Arkansas River basins of the Southern Great Plains of the USA. The evaluations support the following suggestions: (a) The mean annual runoff of all models follows, at least generally, the strong climatic East–West gradient of precipitation, although most models predict too much runoff in the dry part of the basin. (b) The mean monthly storage change tends to be underestimated, even though all models capture reasonably well the seasonality of the evapotranspiration. (c) The wide range of conceptualizations used for generation of surface and subsurface runoff strongly affect runoff generation on seasonal, and shorter, time scales. Model responses to summer precipitation ranged from almost no summer runoff (one model) to the (more common) situation of persistent overprediction of summer runoff, especially in the driest part of the basin. (d) All models tended to underpredict evapotranspiration in summer and overpredict in winter. (e) Model-derived mean seasonal cycles of changes in soil moisture storage are qualitatively similar to those inferred from observations, but most models do not predict the decrease in April soil moisture storage and the increase in October that is inferred from observations.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00046-0
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Canada, France, Russie, République populaire de Chine, États-Unis
- Arizona, District fédéral central, Maryland, Massachusetts, Midi-Pyrénées, New Jersey, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Occitanie (région administrative), Oregon, Washington (État)
- Moscou, Princeton (New Jersey), Pékin, Seattle, Sydney, Toulouse
- Université de Princeton, Université de Washington
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Le document en format XML
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Dickinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duan, Qingyun" sort="Duan, Qingyun" uniqKey="Duan Q" first="Qingyun" last="Duan">Qingyun Duan</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Hydrology, NOAA/NWS, Silver Spring, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ek, Michael" sort="Ek, Michael" uniqKey="Ek M" first="Michael" last="Ek">Michael Ek</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Oregon</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gusev, Yeugeniy M" sort="Gusev, Yeugeniy M" uniqKey="Gusev Y" first="Yeugeniy M." last="Gusev">Yeugeniy M. Gusev</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Water Problems, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habets, Florence" sort="Habets, Florence" uniqKey="Habets F" first="Florence" last="Habets">Florence Habets</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Meteo-France/CNRM, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Irannejad, Parviz" sort="Irannejad, Parviz" uniqKey="Irannejad P" first="Parviz" last="Irannejad">Parviz Irannejad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Advanced Numerical Computation in Engineering and Science, The University of N.S.W., NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koster, Randy" sort="Koster, Randy" uniqKey="Koster R" first="Randy" last="Koster">Randy Koster</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Hydrological Sciences Branch, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, Kenneth E" sort="Mitchell, Kenneth E" uniqKey="Mitchell K" first="Kenneth E." last="Mitchell">Kenneth E. Mitchell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Modeling Center (NOAA/NCEP), Camp Springs, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nasonova, Olga N" sort="Nasonova, Olga N" uniqKey="Nasonova O" first="Olga N." last="Nasonova">Olga N. Nasonova</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Water Problems, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Noilhan, Joel" sort="Noilhan, Joel" uniqKey="Noilhan J" first="Joel" last="Noilhan">Joel Noilhan</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Meteo-France/CNRM, Toulouse</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Occitanie (région administrative)</region><region type="old region">Midi-Pyrénées</region><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schaake, John" sort="Schaake, John" uniqKey="Schaake J" first="John" last="Schaake">John Schaake</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Office of Hydrology, NOAA/NWS, Silver Spring, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlosser, Adam" sort="Schlosser, Adam" uniqKey="Schlosser A" first="Adam" last="Schlosser">Adam Schlosser</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>NOAA/GFDL, Princeton, NJ</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shao, Yaping" sort="Shao, Yaping" uniqKey="Shao Y" first="Yaping" last="Shao">Yaping Shao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Advanced Numerical Computation in Engineering and Science, The University of N.S.W., NSW 2052</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NSW 2052</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shmakin, Andrey B" sort="Shmakin, Andrey B" uniqKey="Shmakin A" first="Andrey B." last="Shmakin">Andrey B. Shmakin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Geography, Moscow</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement><region>District fédéral central</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verseghy, Diana" sort="Verseghy, Diana" uniqKey="Verseghy D" first="Diana" last="Verseghy">Diana Verseghy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Climate Research Branch, Atmospheric Environment Service, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Warrach, Kirsten" sort="Warrach, Kirsten" uniqKey="Warrach K" first="Kirsten" last="Warrach">Kirsten Warrach</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Geesthacht</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Geesthacht</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wetzel, Peter" sort="Wetzel, Peter" uniqKey="Wetzel P" first="Peter" last="Wetzel">Peter Wetzel</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Mesoscale Dynamics and Precipitation Branch, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Yongkang" sort="Xue, Yongkang" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yongkang" last="Xue">Yongkang Xue</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Zong Liang" sort="Yang, Zong Liang" uniqKey="Yang Z" first="Zong-Liang" last="Yang">Zong-Liang Yang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeng, Qing Cun" sort="Zeng, Qing Cun" uniqKey="Zeng Q" first="Qing-Cun" last="Zeng">Qing-Cun Zeng</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Global and Planetary Change</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">GLOBAL</title><idno type="ISSN">0921-8181</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1998">1998</date><biblScope unit="volume">19</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="161">161</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="179">179</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0921-8181</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0921-8181</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Academic press</term><term>Alsis</term><term>Annual precipitation</term><term>Annual runoff</term><term>Annual runoff ratio</term><term>Arkansas river</term><term>Arkansas river basin</term><term>Atmospheric budget</term><term>Atmospheric budget calculation</term><term>Atmospheric moisture budget analysis</term><term>Atmospheric physics</term><term>Atmospheric water balance</term><term>Baseflow</term><term>Basin</term><term>Basin area</term><term>Basin boundary</term><term>Basin outlet</term><term>Buck model</term><term>Budget analysis</term><term>Canopy storage</term><term>Catchment</term><term>Civil engineering</term><term>Climatology</term><term>Different models</term><term>Different sets</term><term>Drainage areas</term><term>Eastern part</term><term>Effective precipitation</term><term>Elsevier science</term><term>Evapotranspiration</term><term>Excess water</term><term>Free drainage</term><term>Global</term><term>Grid</term><term>Grid cell</term><term>Grid cells</term><term>Higher fractions</term><term>Hydrologic literature</term><term>Infiltration capacity</term><term>Intercomparison</term><term>Isba</term><term>Isba mosaic ncep place sewab sponsor ssib swap</term><term>July</term><term>Land surface</term><term>Land surface schemes</term><term>Latent heat</term><term>Less runoff</term><term>Liang</term><term>Little rock</term><term>Lohmann</term><term>Mmryr</term><term>Model output</term><term>Model results</term><term>Model simulations</term><term>Moisture fluxes</term><term>Monthly basin evapotranspiration</term><term>Monthly evapotranspiration</term><term>Much runoff</term><term>Nasar gsfc</term><term>Ncep</term><term>Negative storage change</term><term>October</term><term>Operations research</term><term>Other schemes</term><term>Overpredict runoff</term><term>Parameterization</term><term>Parameterization schemes</term><term>Phase river basin experiment</term><term>Pilps</term><term>Pilps phase</term><term>Pilps phase activities</term><term>Pilps phase schemes</term><term>Planetary change</term><term>Precipitation</term><term>Princeton university</term><term>Reasonable results</term><term>River basin</term><term>Runoff</term><term>Runoff climatology</term><term>Runoff production</term><term>Runoff ratio</term><term>Runoff ratios</term><term>Runoff timing</term><term>Russian federation</term><term>Schemes underpredicted</term><term>Seasonal cycle</term><term>Seasonal cycles</term><term>Sewab</term><term>Slow components</term><term>Small storage changes</term><term>Soil column</term><term>Soil moisture</term><term>Soil moisture storage changes</term><term>Soil water</term><term>Spatial pattern</term><term>Spatial patterns</term><term>Spatial runoff distribution</term><term>Spatial variability</term><term>Ssib</term><term>Storage change</term><term>Streamflow</term><term>Streamflow data</term><term>Subsurface</term><term>Subsurface runoff</term><term>Summary intercomparisons</term><term>Summer period</term><term>Summer runoff</term><term>Surface runoff</term><term>Surface water balance</term><term>Swap</term><term>Technical report</term><term>Temporal analysis</term><term>Threshold behavior</term><term>Time invariance</term><term>Time scales</term><term>Total runoff</term><term>Unit hydrograph</term><term>Upper soil layer</term><term>Various terms</term><term>Water balance</term><term>Water balances</term><term>Water budget</term><term>Water vapor convergence</term><term>Wide range</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Academic press</term><term>Alsis</term><term>Annual precipitation</term><term>Annual runoff</term><term>Annual runoff ratio</term><term>Arkansas river</term><term>Arkansas river basin</term><term>Atmospheric budget</term><term>Atmospheric budget calculation</term><term>Atmospheric moisture budget analysis</term><term>Atmospheric physics</term><term>Atmospheric water balance</term><term>Baseflow</term><term>Basin</term><term>Basin area</term><term>Basin boundary</term><term>Basin outlet</term><term>Buck model</term><term>Budget analysis</term><term>Canopy storage</term><term>Catchment</term><term>Civil engineering</term><term>Climatology</term><term>Different models</term><term>Different sets</term><term>Drainage areas</term><term>Eastern part</term><term>Effective precipitation</term><term>Elsevier science</term><term>Evapotranspiration</term><term>Excess water</term><term>Free drainage</term><term>Global</term><term>Grid</term><term>Grid cell</term><term>Grid cells</term><term>Higher fractions</term><term>Hydrologic literature</term><term>Infiltration capacity</term><term>Intercomparison</term><term>Isba</term><term>Isba mosaic ncep place sewab sponsor ssib swap</term><term>July</term><term>Land surface</term><term>Land surface schemes</term><term>Latent heat</term><term>Less runoff</term><term>Liang</term><term>Little rock</term><term>Lohmann</term><term>Mmryr</term><term>Model output</term><term>Model results</term><term>Model simulations</term><term>Moisture fluxes</term><term>Monthly basin evapotranspiration</term><term>Monthly evapotranspiration</term><term>Much runoff</term><term>Nasar gsfc</term><term>Ncep</term><term>Negative storage change</term><term>October</term><term>Operations research</term><term>Other schemes</term><term>Overpredict runoff</term><term>Parameterization</term><term>Parameterization schemes</term><term>Phase river basin experiment</term><term>Pilps</term><term>Pilps phase</term><term>Pilps phase activities</term><term>Pilps phase schemes</term><term>Planetary change</term><term>Precipitation</term><term>Princeton university</term><term>Reasonable results</term><term>River basin</term><term>Runoff</term><term>Runoff climatology</term><term>Runoff production</term><term>Runoff ratio</term><term>Runoff ratios</term><term>Runoff timing</term><term>Russian federation</term><term>Schemes underpredicted</term><term>Seasonal cycle</term><term>Seasonal cycles</term><term>Sewab</term><term>Slow components</term><term>Small storage changes</term><term>Soil column</term><term>Soil moisture</term><term>Soil moisture storage changes</term><term>Soil water</term><term>Spatial pattern</term><term>Spatial patterns</term><term>Spatial runoff distribution</term><term>Spatial variability</term><term>Ssib</term><term>Storage change</term><term>Streamflow</term><term>Streamflow data</term><term>Subsurface</term><term>Subsurface runoff</term><term>Summary intercomparisons</term><term>Summer period</term><term>Summer runoff</term><term>Surface runoff</term><term>Surface water balance</term><term>Swap</term><term>Technical report</term><term>Temporal analysis</term><term>Threshold behavior</term><term>Time invariance</term><term>Time scales</term><term>Total runoff</term><term>Unit hydrograph</term><term>Upper soil layer</term><term>Various terms</term><term>Water balance</term><term>Water balances</term><term>Water budget</term><term>Water vapor convergence</term><term>Wide range</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génie civil</term><term>Climatologie</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: The water-balance components of 16 Soil–Vegetation Atmospheric Transfer (SVAT) schemes were evaluated by comparing predicted and observed streamflow, predicted evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration inferred from an atmospheric moisture budget analysis, and soil moisture storage changes for a seven-year period (1980–1986) using data from the Red–Arkansas River basins of the Southern Great Plains of the USA. The evaluations support the following suggestions: (a) The mean annual runoff of all models follows, at least generally, the strong climatic East–West gradient of precipitation, although most models predict too much runoff in the dry part of the basin. (b) The mean monthly storage change tends to be underestimated, even though all models capture reasonably well the seasonality of the evapotranspiration. (c) The wide range of conceptualizations used for generation of surface and subsurface runoff strongly affect runoff generation on seasonal, and shorter, time scales. Model responses to summer precipitation ranged from almost no summer runoff (one model) to the (more common) situation of persistent overprediction of summer runoff, especially in the driest part of the basin. (d) All models tended to underpredict evapotranspiration in summer and overpredict in winter. (e) Model-derived mean seasonal cycles of changes in soil moisture storage are qualitatively similar to those inferred from observations, but most models do not predict the decrease in April soil moisture storage and the increase in October that is inferred from observations.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Canada</li><li>France</li><li>Russie</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Arizona</li><li>District fédéral central</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Midi-Pyrénées</li><li>New Jersey</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li><li>Occitanie (région administrative)</li><li>Oregon</li><li>Washington (État)</li></region><settlement><li>Moscou</li><li>Princeton (New Jersey)</li><li>Pékin</li><li>Seattle</li><li>Sydney</li><li>Toulouse</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Princeton</li><li>Université de Washington</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="New Jersey"><name sortKey="Lohmann, Dag" sort="Lohmann, Dag" uniqKey="Lohmann D" first="Dag" last="Lohmann">Dag Lohmann</name></region><name sortKey="Boone, Aaron" sort="Boone, Aaron" uniqKey="Boone A" first="Aaron" last="Boone">Aaron Boone</name><name sortKey="Chang, Sam" sort="Chang, Sam" uniqKey="Chang S" first="Sam" last="Chang">Sam Chang</name><name sortKey="Chen, Fei" sort="Chen, Fei" uniqKey="Chen F" first="Fei" last="Chen">Fei Chen</name><name sortKey="Dickinson, Robert E" sort="Dickinson, Robert E" uniqKey="Dickinson R" first="Robert E." last="Dickinson">Robert E. Dickinson</name><name sortKey="Duan, Qingyun" sort="Duan, Qingyun" uniqKey="Duan Q" first="Qingyun" last="Duan">Qingyun Duan</name><name sortKey="Ek, Michael" sort="Ek, Michael" uniqKey="Ek M" first="Michael" last="Ek">Michael Ek</name><name sortKey="Koster, Randy" sort="Koster, Randy" uniqKey="Koster R" first="Randy" last="Koster">Randy Koster</name><name sortKey="Lettenmaier, Dennis P" sort="Lettenmaier, Dennis P" uniqKey="Lettenmaier D" first="Dennis P." last="Lettenmaier">Dennis P. Lettenmaier</name><name sortKey="Liang, Xu" sort="Liang, Xu" uniqKey="Liang X" first="Xu" last="Liang">Xu Liang</name><name sortKey="Mitchell, Kenneth E" sort="Mitchell, Kenneth E" uniqKey="Mitchell K" first="Kenneth E." last="Mitchell">Kenneth E. Mitchell</name><name sortKey="Schaake, John" sort="Schaake, John" uniqKey="Schaake J" first="John" last="Schaake">John Schaake</name><name sortKey="Schlosser, Adam" sort="Schlosser, Adam" uniqKey="Schlosser A" first="Adam" last="Schlosser">Adam Schlosser</name><name sortKey="Wetzel, Peter" sort="Wetzel, Peter" uniqKey="Wetzel P" first="Peter" last="Wetzel">Peter Wetzel</name><name sortKey="Wood, Eric F" sort="Wood, Eric F" uniqKey="Wood E" first="Eric F." last="Wood">Eric F. Wood</name><name sortKey="Xue, Yongkang" sort="Xue, Yongkang" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yongkang" last="Xue">Yongkang Xue</name><name sortKey="Yang, Zong Liang" sort="Yang, Zong Liang" uniqKey="Yang Z" first="Zong-Liang" last="Yang">Zong-Liang Yang</name></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dai, Yongjiu" sort="Dai, Yongjiu" uniqKey="Dai Y" first="Yongjiu" last="Dai">Yongjiu Dai</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Zeng, Qing Cun" sort="Zeng, Qing Cun" uniqKey="Zeng Q" first="Qing-Cun" last="Zeng">Qing-Cun Zeng</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Desborough, Carl" sort="Desborough, Carl" uniqKey="Desborough C" first="Carl" last="Desborough">Carl Desborough</name></region><name sortKey="Irannejad, Parviz" sort="Irannejad, Parviz" uniqKey="Irannejad P" first="Parviz" last="Irannejad">Parviz Irannejad</name><name sortKey="Shao, Yaping" sort="Shao, Yaping" uniqKey="Shao Y" first="Yaping" last="Shao">Yaping Shao</name></country><country name="Russie"><region name="District fédéral central"><name sortKey="Gusev, Yeugeniy M" sort="Gusev, Yeugeniy M" uniqKey="Gusev Y" first="Yeugeniy M." last="Gusev">Yeugeniy M. Gusev</name></region><name sortKey="Nasonova, Olga N" sort="Nasonova, Olga N" uniqKey="Nasonova O" first="Olga N." last="Nasonova">Olga N. Nasonova</name><name sortKey="Shmakin, Andrey B" sort="Shmakin, Andrey B" uniqKey="Shmakin A" first="Andrey B." last="Shmakin">Andrey B. Shmakin</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Occitanie (région administrative)"><name sortKey="Habets, Florence" sort="Habets, Florence" uniqKey="Habets F" first="Florence" last="Habets">Florence Habets</name></region><name sortKey="Noilhan, Joel" sort="Noilhan, Joel" uniqKey="Noilhan J" first="Joel" last="Noilhan">Joel Noilhan</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Verseghy, Diana" sort="Verseghy, Diana" uniqKey="Verseghy D" first="Diana" last="Verseghy">Diana Verseghy</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Warrach, Kirsten" sort="Warrach, Kirsten" uniqKey="Warrach K" first="Kirsten" last="Warrach">Kirsten Warrach</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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